Classroom lesson ยท Makgadikgadi Salt Pans ยท ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ผ Botswana

Makgadikgadi Salt Pans

The ghostly remains of an ancient supersize lake

Photo ยท Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Makgadikgadi Pans are enormous flat stretches of white salt in the middle of Botswana. Long ago โ€” perhaps 10,000 years ago โ€” this place was the bottom of one of Africa's biggest lakes. When the lake dried up, all that was left was a thick crust of white salt, creating one of the strangest landscapes on Earth.

Tell me more

Standing in the middle of Makgadikgadi feels like being on another planet. The ground is perfectly flat and white as far as you can see in every direction. The surface crunches under your feet like a thin layer of ice, but it is salt โ€” billions and billions of salt crystals left behind when the water evaporated thousands of years ago.

During the dry season the pans are almost empty of life, shimmering in the heat. But when the rains come between November and March, shallow pools of water form across the salt. This is when something magical happens: tens of thousands of flamingos arrive to feed and nest. The pans turn pink with their feathers, and the sound of their calling fills the air.

During the wet season, zebras and wildebeest arrive in huge groups โ€” one of the largest animal migrations in southern Africa. They come to graze on the new grass that springs up around the edges of the pans after the rain. Lions, cheetahs and hyenas follow behind. It is a mini version of the Great Migration in Tanzania.

On nights with no moon, the salt pans become a giant natural mirror reflecting the stars. Astronomers love visiting because the darkness and the reflected sky make it feel like you are floating in space. Some visitors sleep right out on the flat surface of the pans to experience this extraordinary feeling.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How do you think the landscape changed when the ancient lake dried up? What would the plants and animals have done?
  2. 02Why do flamingos only come to the pans during the rainy season? What do they need that only appears then?
  3. 03The pans look empty in the dry season but are full of life in the wet season. Can you think of other places that change dramatically with the seasons?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make a before-and-after drawing. On the left, draw the Makgadikgadi in the dry season โ€” white, flat, almost empty. On the right, draw it in the wet season โ€” water, flamingos, zebras, green grass around the edges. Label at least five differences between the two scenes.