Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇬🇷 Greece

Loggerhead sea turtle

Babies hatch on Greek beaches and crawl to the sea by moonlight

A loggerhead sea turtle swimming in clear blue water

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The loggerhead sea turtle is a big sea turtle with a heart-shaped shell and a chunky head (the 'loggerhead' bit). Greek beaches are one of the most important places in the world where they come ashore to lay their eggs. The island of Zakynthos has a beach that is one of the busiest turtle nurseries in the Mediterranean.

Tell me more

An adult loggerhead can be over a metre long and weigh around 130 kilograms. They spend most of their lives swimming far out in the open sea. But every two or three years, the female turtles come back to the same beach where they themselves were born - and they crawl up the sand in the dark to dig a nest.

She uses her back flippers to dig a hole about half a metre deep, lays around 100 round eggs the size of ping-pong balls, then covers them with sand and goes back to the sea. The nest is left to itself. The sand keeps the eggs warm for about two months. Then, one night, the babies hatch.

A tiny baby turtle is barely the size of your palm. It pushes up through the sand with the others - sometimes 80 or 90 from one nest - and they all rush to the sea together, following the brightest light, which should be the moon shining on the water. Once they reach the sea, they swim out and won't come back to land for years.

Greek schools and volunteers help keep the beaches safe at hatching time. They mark off the nest areas, ask people not to use bright torches at night (which can confuse the babies into walking the wrong way), and clear the sand of anything that might block their tiny journey.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Baby turtles use moonlight to find the sea. Why might bright human lights at night be a problem for them?
  2. 02Female turtles travel hundreds of miles to come back to the exact beach they hatched on. How do you think they remember it?
  3. 03Out of 100 eggs in a nest, only a few baby turtles will grow up. Why might it help to lay so many at once?
Try this

Classroom activity

Mark out a 2 metre wide 'beach' on the playground with chalk. Place 'eggs' (small balls or pebbles) at one end. Pupils take turns being a 'hatchling' crawling on hands and knees to the 'sea' at the other end while classmates make safe paths and shield torches. Discuss: what made the journey easier? What made it harder?