Classroom lesson · Festival · 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau

Carnival of Bissau

A dazzling street festival of colour, costumes, and dancing

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Every year the streets of Bissau fill with colour, music, and dancing during Carnival — one of the most joyful celebrations in all of West Africa. Groups called comparsas spend months making elaborate costumes and practising their dances and music before parading through the city in a great explosion of creativity and community pride.

Tell me more

Carnival in Bissau is a time when the whole city comes together to celebrate. Schools, neighbourhoods, and community groups each form their own comparsa — a team of dancers, musicians, and costume-makers who work together to create their performance. Being part of a comparsa means months of meetings, practice sessions, and late-night sewing.

The costumes are extraordinary — made from feathers, sequins, mirrors, fabric scraps, palm fronds, and whatever materials the team can find. Some costumes are huge, with headdresses towering above the dancer's head or enormous wings that spread out on either side. Making them is an art in itself.

On Carnival day, the comparsas parade through the streets as crowds line the pavements to cheer. Drummers provide a constant, driving rhythm, and the dancers move in choreographed routines that have been rehearsed for weeks. Judges award prizes for the best costume, the best music, and the best dancing.

Carnival in Guinea-Bissau has its roots in celebrations brought to the region during the time when Portuguese explorers arrived. Over the centuries, local traditions, music, and creativity transformed it into something entirely unique — a festival that belongs completely to Guinea-Bissau.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01A comparsa spends months making a costume worn for just one day. Why do you think people put so much effort into something that lasts such a short time?
  2. 02If your class formed a comparsa, what theme would you choose for your costume? What materials could you use?
  3. 03Carnival started as a tradition brought from far away and became something entirely local. Can you think of other traditions that have changed over time to become something new?
Try this

Classroom activity

Mini Carnival design challenge: in groups of four, children are a comparsa. They choose a theme (ocean, jungle, birds, etc.), design a costume on paper using whatever colours and materials they can imagine, and write a two-sentence description of their dance. Groups then present their designs to the class as if they are pitching to a Carnival judge.