Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau

Saltwater Hippopotamus

One of the rarest animals in the world lives on the Bijagós islands

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Most hippopotamuses live in freshwater rivers and lakes — but the hippos of the Bijagós Archipelago have learned to live in salty ocean water. They swim between the islands through the sea, eating sea plants and resting in the mangrove estuaries. This makes them some of the rarest and most unusual hippos on Earth.

Tell me more

Hippopotamuses are huge — an adult can weigh as much as three small cars. Despite their size they are surprisingly graceful in the water, where they spend most of the day keeping cool. Their skin produces a natural pinkish liquid that acts like a sunscreen and keeps bacteria away — scientists sometimes call it 'blood sweat', though it is neither blood nor sweat.

The Bijagós hippos are unusual because they regularly enter and swim in the sea. Most hippos would not survive salty water for long, but these animals have adapted over many generations. They swim between islands at night and can cover several kilometres through open water. Nobody is entirely sure how they navigate, but they always find their way.

Hippos are herbivores — they eat only plants. At night they come ashore to graze on grasses and other vegetation, walking surprisingly far inland in a single night. In the morning they return to the water, sometimes with mud coating their backs where they wallowed.

The saltwater hippos of the Bijagós are considered a very special population by conservationists. Their numbers are small, which makes each individual animal important. The Bijagó people who share the islands with them have lived alongside hippos for centuries and have their own deep knowledge of the animals' habits and movements.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Most hippos live in freshwater — why do you think the Bijagós hippos learned to swim in the sea instead?
  2. 02What is an adaptation? Can you think of an animal near your school that has adapted to its environment in an interesting way?
  3. 03Hippos are very large but mostly eat plants. Does that surprise you? What other large animals are herbivores?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a 'Hippo Fact File' booklet. Each page covers one fact: size, diet, skin, swimming, and the Bijagós. Children illustrate each page and write one sentence in their own words. Compile the class's booklets into a display.