Classroom lesson · Festival · 🇭🇹 Haiti

Carnaval of Jacmel

Giant papier-mâché masks and costumes that tell stories in the streets

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Carnaval of Jacmel is one of the most creative and spectacular festivals in the entire Caribbean. It happens every February and is famous above all else for its extraordinary papier-mâché masks and costumes — enormous, fantastical, hand-crafted creations that take months to make. Artists in Jacmel pour their hearts into these masks, and the result is pure magic.

Tell me more

Papier-mâché (which means 'chewed paper' in French) is a craft where paper soaked in paste is shaped over a mould and left to dry into a hard form. The mask-makers of Jacmel have developed this technique into a fine art, creating masks that are sometimes as tall as a person — faces of animals, mythical creatures, fish, sun gods, and imaginary beings.

The masks are painted in vivid colours — bright reds, electric blues, deep greens, sparkling golds. Some are decorated with sequins, feathers, and bits of mirror that catch the light. Each mask tells a story or represents an idea: strength, beauty, nature, history. Mask-makers say that creating a good Jacmel mask requires imagination, patience, and love.

On the day of the big parade, the streets of Jacmel fill with people. The giant masks are carried through the crowds on long poles or worn by performers in full costume. Musicians play kompa and rara. Street food vendors sell griot, plantain, and freshly made juices. It is a full sensory celebration.

The Jacmel Carnaval attracts visitors from all over Haiti and from abroad. Many people arrive a week early just to watch the mask-makers at work in their workshops, shaping paper, mixing paint, and putting finishing touches on creatures that will march through the streets. It is one of the best craft traditions in the Caribbean.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The Jacmel masks take months to make for one day of celebration. Why do you think people put so much effort into something that lasts just one day?
  2. 02Masks have been used in celebrations and ceremonies in many different cultures around the world. Why do you think wearing a mask might make a celebration feel special?
  3. 03If you were making a Jacmel mask, what creature or character would you create, and what colours would you use?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make a mini papier-mâché mask! Using balloon halves, newspaper strips, and flour-and-water paste (or PVA glue), create a small decorative mask. Allow it to dry, then paint it in the bold, vivid style of Jacmel's Carnaval masks. Display the class collection as a Carnaval gallery.