Classroom lesson · Maluti Mountains · 🇱🇸 Lesotho

Maluti Mountains

Dramatic peaks and deep valleys at the heart of Lesotho

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Maluti Mountains run through the middle of Lesotho like a giant spine. They are part of the bigger Drakensberg-Maloti mountain range that stretches into South Africa, and together these mountains were made a UNESCO World Heritage Site because they are so beautiful and important for nature. Bright orange sandstone cliffs, icy streams and wide green valleys make the Malutis look like something from a fairy tale.

Tell me more

The word 'Drakensberg' means 'Dragon's Mountain' in Afrikaans — an old South African language. It is a very fitting name. The peaks are sharp and jagged like a dragon's spine, and clouds often swirl around the summits. In the Maluti range, the rock is mostly sandstone, which has been carved by millions of years of rain and wind into cliffs, caves and towers.

Ancient San Bushmen painted pictures on the walls of caves inside the Malutis thousands of years ago. These rock paintings show animals, people dancing and mysterious spirit figures. Many of these paintings are so well preserved that the colours are still vivid today — red, yellow, white and black painted using plant and animal pigments.

The mountains are also the source of some of southern Africa's most important rivers. Rain falls on the high peaks, soaks into the ground, and slowly flows down into rivers that provide water to millions of people across the whole region. The mountains act like a giant water tower for the land below.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might mountains be important for supplying water to people living in flat areas far below?
  2. 02The San Bushmen painted on cave walls thousands of years ago. What do you think they were trying to say or remember?
  3. 03Would you call a mountain range a 'dragon' if you saw its jagged peaks? What animal would you compare it to?
Try this

Classroom activity

Using red, yellow, white and black crayons or paints, try making your own cave painting on brown paper. Draw animals, people or patterns that tell a story about your daily life — just as the San Bushmen did in the Malutis.