Classroom lesson · Ulaanbaatar · 🇲🇳 Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

The world's coldest capital city, where steppe meets skyscraper

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Ulaanbaatar is the capital and biggest city of Mongolia, sitting in a valley surrounded by mountains. It is home to nearly half of all Mongolians — about 1.5 million people. It is officially the coldest capital city in the world, with average winter temperatures dropping below −20°C.

Tell me more

The name Ulaanbaatar means 'Red Hero' in Mongolian. The city is a fascinating mixture of old and new. Shiny glass skyscrapers and wide boulevards sit beside ancient Buddhist monasteries. The central square is named Sukhbaatar Square and is a popular meeting place for locals — people walk dogs, buy ice cream and watch pigeons there just like in any city square.

Around the edges of the city lie the ger districts — huge neighbourhoods where thousands of families live in traditional round gers. Each family fences off a small plot, grows vegetables in summer and heats their ger with a wood or coal stove in winter. It is quite different from apartment living, but it keeps Mongolian traditions alive right at the heart of a modern city.

Ulaanbaatar has great museums, including the Natural History Museum where you can see a full dinosaur skeleton found in the Gobi Desert. The city also has a thriving arts scene — theatres perform traditional opera and throat singing alongside modern music concerts. In winter, Mongolians wrapped in beautiful traditional coats called deels ride the bus right alongside people in jeans and puffer jackets.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Ulaanbaatar mixes traditional ger neighbourhoods with modern skyscrapers. What is good about keeping old ways alive in a modern city?
  2. 02If your city could be anywhere in the world, would you choose somewhere warm or cold? Why?
  3. 03How do you think children in Ulaanbaatar might spend a Saturday differently from you?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make a 'City Postcard'. On one side draw Ulaanbaatar showing at least two different things you have learnt (a ger, a modern building, the mountains, the square). On the other side write five sentences you would send to a friend there introducing your own city.