Classroom lesson 路 Music馃嚥馃嚘 Morocco

Gnawa music

Hypnotic drum-and-string music with iron castanets

Gnawa musicians in colourful robes playing the guembri lute and clattering qraqeb

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Gnawa is a kind of music that comes from the Gnawa people, whose ancestors travelled to Morocco from further south in Africa hundreds of years ago. It is built around a deep three-stringed bass lute called the guembri, big drums, and metal castanets called qraqeb that clatter like train wheels.

Tell me more

The qraqeb are made of two pieces of curved iron clicked together with one hand. A whole row of musicians playing them at once sounds like a galloping horse. They are easy to start but very hard to master - the best players can do impossibly fast patterns without tiring.

The guembri is a beautiful instrument. It has only three strings, a wooden box covered with camel skin, and a deep boomy sound - much lower than a guitar. The player plucks bass notes with one hand while clapping the wood for rhythm with the other.

Gnawa music can go on for hours. The musicians wear long colourful robes and tall hats with cowrie shells sewn onto them. Tassels swing as they dance. The music is meant to send the listener into a kind of dreamy, peaceful state.

Every June, the seaside city of Essaouira hosts a giant Gnawa festival. Musicians from Morocco and all over the world come to play together. Hundreds of thousands of people fill the streets to listen, dance and clap along.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might a song last for over an hour? What does the music do that a 3-minute song can't?
  2. 02How does the sound of metal castanets feel different from the sound of a piano?
  3. 03What music makes you want to move - and what makes you want to sit still and listen?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make simple 'qraqeb' with two spoons in each hand. Practise clicking them together in a steady rhythm. Add a chant on top - one half of the class on the rhythm, the other half clapping a counter-beat. Try slowly speeding it up like Gnawa music does.