Classroom lesson · Festival · 🇷🇴 Romania

Romanian winter customs

Carols, bears and goats made of straw - midwinter in the villages

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Winter in Romanian villages is full of brilliant old traditions. Children go from house to house singing carols. Grown-ups dress up in costumes of bears, goats and stags made of straw and bright ribbons, and dance through the village to welcome the new year. It is loud, colourful, and unlike midwinter anywhere else.

Tell me more

Carolling is one of the most loved Romanian winter traditions. From mid-December onwards, groups of children walk from house to house singing songs called colinde. The grown-ups answer the door, listen to a song, then give the children little gifts - sweets, walnuts, an apple, or sometimes a small coin. By the end of the evening the singers' bags are heavy.

Around New Year, in some northern villages, you might see grown-ups dressed in incredible costumes of straw, fur and ribbons. One famous one is the goat dance - a person wears a wooden goat's head with a snapping wooden jaw, and dances through the village while musicians play. Another is the bear dance, where dancers wear heavy real bearskins (very old, handed down for generations) and stamp through the streets.

These dances are very old, much older than Christmas itself. People used to think that making lots of noise and acting like wild animals would scare bad luck away and welcome a good year ahead. The traditions have been kept alive by villages where parents teach the dances to their kids.

Even in big modern cities like Bucharest and Cluj, you can still meet groups of carollers in the street in late December. And in the mountain villages of Maramureș and Bucovina, on the right day of the year, you might see a whole street full of dancing 'bears'. It is a midwinter unlike anywhere else in Europe.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Lots of cultures have winter customs that involve light, noise, food or dressing up. Why might midwinter be such a popular time for traditions?
  2. 02What is a tradition your family does every year, even if other people might find it surprising?
  3. 03Why might people in the past have wanted to make lots of noise as the old year ended?
Try this

Classroom activity

Plan your own class winter custom. Decide together: do you visit other classrooms? Do you sing a song? Do you wear a costume? What 'lucky' thing do you wish the school for the year ahead? Try it on the last day of term.