Classroom lesson · Brimstone Hill Fortress · 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis

Brimstone Hill Fortress

A UNESCO World Heritage hilltop fortress with walls of volcanic rock

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Brimstone Hill Fortress sits on top of a rocky volcanic hill about 240 metres above the sea on Saint Kitts. It is one of the best-preserved old stone forts in the whole Caribbean region. The United Nations has listed it as a UNESCO World Heritage Site — meaning it is considered special enough to be protected and shared with the whole world.

Tell me more

The fortress was built from dark volcanic stone found right on the hilltop, which is why its walls look so dark and dramatic. The builders used the natural shape of the rocky hill cleverly, so the fort fits perfectly into the landscape. From the top you can see across the sea to the island of Nevis and even to other Caribbean islands on a clear day.

Brimstone Hill is sometimes called the 'Gibraltar of the West Indies' because it sits on such a dramatic rocky point, just like the famous Rock of Gibraltar in Europe. The walls, tunnels, ramps and cannon platforms are all beautifully preserved, giving visitors a real sense of what a Caribbean fortress looked and felt like hundreds of years ago.

Today the fortress is a national park and museum. Visitors walk along the stone ramps, peer through old cannon openings, and learn about the amazing engineering that went into building such a big structure on top of a steep hill. Green vervet monkeys often sit on the old walls, watching tourists with curious eyes.

The views from Brimstone Hill are some of the most breathtaking in the Caribbean. On exceptionally clear days you can count five other islands from the ramparts. It is a reminder of how small and yet how beautifully placed Saint Kitts is, surrounded by sparkling Caribbean sea in every direction.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why do you think the United Nations protects certain buildings by making them World Heritage Sites?
  2. 02The builders used the shape of the rocky hill in their design. Why is it a good idea to use what nature already gives you?
  3. 03If you could see five islands from the top of a fortress, what would you do first — look through binoculars, draw a map, or something else?
  4. 04What would it feel like to walk through stone tunnels and ramps that are hundreds of years old?
Try this

Classroom activity

Design your own hilltop fortress on paper. Choose a hill shape (round, pointy, flat-topped) and decide where to put the entrance, the lookout platform, the store rooms, and any towers. Label every part and explain why you placed it there.