Classroom lesson ยท Wildlife ยท ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฟ Belize

Actun Tunichil Muknal

A sparkling crystal cave once used by the ancient Maya

Inside the ATM cave, sparkling crystal formations glitter in the lamplight

Photo ยท Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Actun Tunichil Muknal โ€” usually called 'ATM Cave' for short โ€” is a magical cave system in the jungle of western Belize. Inside, ancient Maya people once used it as a sacred place and left behind beautiful pottery and sparkling crystal formations. To enter the cave, visitors wade through a cool underground river and then explore by torchlight.

Tell me more

The name Actun Tunichil Muknal comes from the Maya language and means something like 'Cave of the Crystal Sepulchre'. It is a fitting name because over thousands of years, the dripping water inside the cave has coated everything in a sparkling layer of calcite crystals, giving the ancient pottery and rock formations an almost magical, glittering appearance.

The cave was rediscovered by explorers in the 1980s and opened carefully for guided visits. To get inside, you hike through the jungle, cross three rivers on foot, and then swim a short distance into the cave entrance. Once inside, you put on a helmet with a lamp and explore chambers that the ancient Maya once considered very special.

Inside, the cave is full of extraordinary formations โ€” stalactites hanging from the ceiling and stalagmites rising from the floor, all coated in that glittering crystalline layer. The ancient pottery jars left by the Maya have also been coated over time and glitter beautifully in torchlight.

Only small guided groups are allowed inside ATM Cave each day, and visitors must be very careful not to touch anything. This helps protect the sparkling crystals and the ancient objects so they stay beautiful for future generations to see.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How do you think it would feel to wade through an underground river to enter a cave? Would you be excited, nervous, or both?
  2. 02Why is it important that visitors are not allowed to touch anything inside the ATM cave?
  3. 03Ancient people thought this cave was a sacred, very special place. What kinds of places do people consider special or sacred today?
Try this

Classroom activity

Draw a cross-section of the ATM Cave showing the underground river at the entrance, the cave chambers, stalactites, stalagmites and the sparkling ancient pottery. Label each part. Then write two sentences explaining how the crystals formed on everything inside.