Classroom lesson · Niansogoni Cliff Dwellings · 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso

Niansogoni Cliff Dwellings

Ancient homes built into the face of a rocky cliff

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

At Niansogoni in eastern Burkina Faso, there is a cliff face where people built their homes directly into the rock hundreds of years ago. Round mud-brick houses sit on ledges in the rock, stacked one above the other like a village growing out of the cliff itself. It is one of the most extraordinary sights in the country.

Tell me more

Building a home on a cliff ledge was a clever way to stay safe and to protect against floods on the valley floor below. The Birifor people who built these dwellings understood their landscape perfectly. By tucking houses into the rock face, they also had natural shelter from the rain and shade from the burning midday sun.

The houses are round, as is common in many West African building traditions. Round walls need less material than square walls to enclose the same amount of space, and they are also very strong — they spread weight evenly all the way around. The roofs were made from local grasses woven into a conical shape, like a pointed hat.

Some of the older houses at Niansogoni are no longer lived in, and you can see the rock walls darkened by the smoke from generations of cooking fires. The site is being carefully studied and preserved so that the story of the people who built there can be remembered and shared.

The village of Niansogoni sits below the cliff, and descendants of the original builders still live there. They can share stories about their ancestors who shaped those remarkable homes into the rock. Standing at the base of the cliff and looking up at the little doorways and windows far above is a truly astonishing experience.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why do you think people might choose to build their homes on a cliff rather than on flat ground?
  2. 02Round houses appear in many parts of Africa and the world. Can you think of reasons why a round shape might be a good choice for a house?
  3. 03The cliff dwellings are hundreds of years old. Why is it important to preserve and study old buildings like these?
Try this

Classroom activity

Using cardboard, clay, or recycled materials, build a model of a cliff with at least three small round 'houses' sitting on ledges at different heights. Label each house and write a sentence explaining how the people who lived there might have climbed up to reach their front door.