Classroom lesson · Pico Basile · 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea

Pico Basile

Equatorial Guinea's highest peak, wrapped in cloud

The misty forested slopes of Pico Basile volcano on Bioko Island

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Pico Basile is the highest point in Equatorial Guinea, rising 3,011 metres above sea level on Bioko Island. It is an old shield volcano whose top is often wrapped in clouds and mist. From the summit on a clear day, you can see all the way across the sea to Mount Cameroon on the African mainland.

Tell me more

At 3,011 metres, Pico Basile is taller than the highest peak in Spain and not far below the height of Mont Blanc, Europe's tallest mountain. Climbing it is a real adventure because the forest changes as you go up: at the bottom are tall trees with thick canopies, higher up the trees get shorter and twisted by the wind, and near the top you walk through open grassland dotted with giant lobelias — unusual plants that look like something out of a fairy tale.

The volcano is old enough that it has not erupted in recorded human history. Scientists classify it as dormant, which means it is asleep rather than truly extinct. The whole mountain is protected as part of a national park, and the forest that covers it is home to drills, Bioko forest monkeys, and many rare birds.

Because Pico Basile rises so steeply from the warm sea, it captures a huge amount of rain from passing clouds. The eastern slopes are particularly wet — some parts receive more than nine metres of rain each year. That is more rain than falls in four years in London! All that moisture keeps the forest green and lush every single month.

On very clear mornings, before the clouds build up, hikers at the top can look across the water and see the enormous silhouette of Mount Cameroon rising to 4,040 metres on the other side. The two volcanoes face each other across the sea like friendly giants.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why do you think the plants and animals change as you climb higher up a mountain?
  2. 02Pico Basile is 'dormant' — what is the difference between dormant, active, and extinct volcanoes?
  3. 03Imagine you could see another country from a mountaintop. What questions would you want to ask the people living over there?
  4. 04Why might a mountain that catches lots of rain be good for the forest below it?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a simple cross-section diagram of Pico Basile showing how the vegetation changes from sea level to the summit. Label at least three zones: coastal rainforest, cloud forest, and high grassland. Add one animal or plant you might spot in each zone.