Classroom lesson · Thirteen-month calendar · 🇪🇹 Ethiopia

Ethiopia's 13-month calendar

A whole different way of counting the year - and the date is 7 years behind

Letters of the Ge'ez script - the ancient Ethiopian alphabet used to write the calendar's month names

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Ethiopia uses its own calendar - one that is different from the calendar most of the rest of the world uses. The Ethiopian calendar has 13 months instead of 12. And right now, while most of the world thinks the year is 2026, in Ethiopia the year is somewhere around 2018. They are about seven years 'behind'.

Tell me more

Here is how it works. The Ethiopian calendar has 12 months that are each exactly 30 days long. That is only 360 days - and a year is actually 365 (or 366) days. So Ethiopia has a tiny 13th month, called Pagume, that lasts just 5 days (or 6 days in a leap year).

It is a beautifully tidy idea. Imagine if every month in your calendar had the same number of days. You'd never have to remember whether September had 30 days or 31, because they'd all be 30. The leftover days at the end of the year are saved up in tiny month 13.

Ethiopia is also about seven and a half years behind the rest of the world. That is not because anything is wrong - it is just that the Ethiopian church calculated the start of the year of Jesus's birth slightly differently from the calendar most of the world uses today. So when most countries say it is 2026, Ethiopia says it is 2018 or 2019.

This means Ethiopia celebrates its New Year (called Enkutatash) in September, not January. Children get the day off school, families gather, and the harvest season is just beginning. It is a different rhythm to the year - one that has worked for Ethiopia for over 1,500 years.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01What would change about your life if every month had exactly the same number of days?
  2. 02Why do you think different cultures sometimes count years and days differently?
  3. 03If Ethiopia is 7 years behind us, how old would you be on the Ethiopian calendar?
Try this

Classroom activity

On a big sheet of paper, draw a calendar with 12 boxes of equal size for each of 30 days, and one small box at the end with 5 days. Then write your birthday on it. How would your birthday line up against an Ethiopian friend's? Work out the date in both calendars.