Classroom lesson · Visoki Dečani · 🇽🇰 Kosovo

Visoki Dečani

A medieval monastery famous for its extraordinary frescoes

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Visoki Dečani is a medieval monastery in western Kosovo, built in the fourteenth century and recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is famous for its stunning collection of frescoes — paintings made directly onto wet plaster walls — which cover almost every surface inside the church.

Tell me more

When you step inside the church at Visoki Dečani, the walls, ceiling and arches are covered in thousands of individual painted scenes. Historians estimate there are around 1,000 different fresco compositions, making this one of the largest and best-preserved collections of Byzantine fresco art in the world. Artists worked on them for years, painting scene after scene while the plaster was still fresh.

Fresco painting is a very demanding art form. The artist must work quickly because the paint only bonds properly with the wall while the plaster underneath is wet. There is no erasing or painting over — every brushstroke is permanent. The artists who created Visoki Dečani's frescoes were masters of their craft.

The colours in the frescoes have lasted for nearly 700 years. Reds, blues, golds and greens still glow in the dim light of the church. The pigments came from natural sources — ground-up minerals, plants and even some insects. Medieval artists had to make their own paints from scratch.

The monastery is built from a beautiful striped stone — pink and white bands of marble and limestone — that was quarried from nearby mountains. The carvings on the doorways and window frames are incredibly detailed, showing leaves, animals and geometric patterns intertwined. Stonemasons spent years on these details alone.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Fresco painters had to work very fast before the plaster dried. How do you think it would feel to do art when you know there is absolutely no way to fix a mistake?
  2. 02The Visoki Dečani frescoes have lasted 700 years. What do you think helps art survive for such a long time?
  3. 03Medieval artists made their own paints from ground-up rocks, plants and insects. Can you think of colours you might be able to make from things you find in nature?
Try this

Classroom activity

Try 'fresco planning': take a small piece of paper and sketch out a scene you want to paint, keeping it simple and bold with clear outlines. Then mix watercolours and practise painting the scene as quickly as you can without going back over a brushstroke. Discuss as a class how it felt to work without being able to correct yourself.