Classroom lesson · Food · 🇲🇪 Montenegro

Kajmak

A rich, creamy cheese spread made from fresh milk

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Kajmak is a rich, soft cream cheese made from the top layer of slowly heated milk. It is white and creamy with a slightly tangy flavour — somewhere between cream cheese and clotted cream — and it is spread generously on fresh bread, spooned over kačamak and served alongside cured meats at almost every Montenegrin meal. Fresh kajmak tastes mild; aged kajmak, left to mature for several weeks, develops a stronger, more complex flavour.

Tell me more

Making kajmak starts with very fresh, full-fat milk — ideally from cows or sheep that have been grazing on mountain meadow grass. The milk is gently heated in wide, shallow pans and left to cool slowly. As it cools, a thick layer of cream rises to the surface and sets. This layer is carefully skimmed off and collected — and that is kajmak.

The word 'kajmak' comes from a Turkish word meaning 'cream' or 'skimmed'. It arrived in Montenegro centuries ago and became so much a part of local food culture that today it is hard to imagine a Montenegrin table without it. The best kajmak is made by families in mountain villages using milk from their own animals, and the flavour changes subtly depending on what the animals have been eating.

Kajmak appears in so many dishes that Montenegrins sometimes joke their country runs on it. It is piled on top of kačamak, stuffed inside flatbreads, served with grilled meats and eaten with honey as a breakfast treat. Some families have been making kajmak the same way, in the same kind of wooden bowl, for generations.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Kajmak is made from the cream that floats to the top of milk. What does this tell you about the difference between cream and the rest of the milk?
  2. 02The taste of kajmak changes depending on what the animals eat. Can you think of other foods whose flavour is affected by what the animal or plant eats or where it grows?
  3. 03Kajmak is spread on bread, stirred into porridge and served with meat. What one ingredient in your country's food is used in as many different ways?
Try this

Classroom activity

Investigate cream separation. Pour full-fat milk into a clear jar and leave it to stand for a few hours (or use unhomogenised milk). Observe the cream layer forming at the top. Sketch what you see and label the cream layer. Discuss why skimming this layer off gives you a rich product like kajmak.