Classroom lesson · Music · 🇳🇪 Niger

Tindé Drumming

Tuareg women's drum music that carries across the desert night

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Tindé is a traditional style of music played by Tuareg women on a drum called the tindé — a mortar (a bowl used for grinding grain) with wet goatskin stretched tightly over the top. The players wet the skin with water to tune it and hit it with their hands to produce a deep, resonant sound that can be heard from far across the desert at night.

Tell me more

The tindé drum is clever in its simplicity. Because the same wooden mortar that women use every day for grinding millet can become a musical instrument, music can happen anywhere, any time, without special equipment. The players keep the goatskin wet throughout the performance — as the skin dries, the pitch of the drum changes, so a small bowl of water always sits nearby.

Tindé gatherings happen for many reasons — to celebrate a camel race, to mark a special occasion, or just for the pleasure of music on a desert evening. The women sing as they drum, often improvising lyrics about the landscape, about admired people in the community, or about the beauty of the camels their families raise. The singing is high, clear and expressive.

In Tuareg culture, women have long been important keepers of music and cultural memory. The tindé tradition is passed from mothers to daughters and is considered a vital part of cultural life in the Aïr Mountains and across the Saharan regions of Niger. When the drums start, everyone gathers.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The tindé drum is made from an everyday household object. Can you think of other musical instruments made from everyday items?
  2. 02Tindé music is kept and passed down by women. Why is it important for communities to have people who remember and carry their cultural traditions?
  3. 03Tindé gatherings happen outdoors in the desert at night. What would it feel like to sit under the stars listening to drums and singing?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make a classroom percussion band using only everyday objects — containers, pencils, rulers, hands. Experiment with hitting, tapping and shaking different objects. Then compose a short piece of music together and perform it. Discuss which 'instruments' made the most interesting sounds.