Classroom lesson · Lake Baikal · 🇷🇺 Russia

Lake Baikal

The deepest lake in the world

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Lake Baikal in Siberia is the deepest lake on Earth - so deep that if you stacked five Eiffel Towers on top of each other, they would still not reach the bottom. It also holds more fresh water than any other lake in the world. The water is so clear and clean that you can see all the way down to 40 metres.

Tell me more

Lake Baikal sits in the middle of Russia's vast Siberian wilderness, surrounded by mountains, thick forests and small villages. It is about 636 kilometres long - roughly the same distance as driving from London to Edinburgh and back. The lake is thought to be about 25 million years old, which makes it one of the oldest lakes on the planet.

Because the lake is so old and isolated, hundreds of animals live here and nowhere else on Earth. The Baikal seal, called a nerpa, is the only freshwater seal in the world - it lives only in this lake. The lake is also home to a see-through shrimp called an amphipod and a fish called the golomyanka, which is so full of oil that it is almost transparent.

In winter, the surface of Lake Baikal freezes over completely, forming thick, clear ice. The ice is so transparent that you can see fish swimming underneath it. People walk, drive and even cycle across the frozen lake. In summer the lake sparkles blue, and the forests around it are home to bears, lynx and deer. Scientists call Baikal the 'Galapagos of Russia' because it has so many unique creatures.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Lake Baikal holds a fifth of all fresh water on Earth. Why do you think fresh water is so important?
  2. 02Many animals in Baikal live nowhere else. What might happen to them if the lake changed?
  3. 03Would you dare to walk across a frozen lake? What would you need to check before you felt safe to do it?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a 'deep lake' diagram on A3 paper. Draw a cross-section showing the surface, middle and bottom of Baikal. Add labels for: nerpa seal, golomyanka fish, amphipod shrimp, clear ice in winter. Compare the depth (1,642 m) to something nearby - for example, how many of your school building stacked up would fit?