Classroom lesson · Cal Madow Mountains · 🇸🇴 Somalia

Cal Madow Mountains

Mist-covered peaks with plants found nowhere else on Earth

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Cal Madow is the highest mountain range in Somalia, rising more than 2,400 metres above sea level in the far north of the country. The upper slopes are often wrapped in cool mist and covered in ancient forests full of plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Scientists call such unique places 'biodiversity hotspots'.

Tell me more

Most people imagine Somalia as a hot, flat land, but Cal Madow is the opposite — cool, misty and green. The mountains catch clouds rolling in from the sea, which keeps them moist even when the land below is dry. Streams trickle down the rocky slopes and collect in small pools where animals come to drink.

The forests of Cal Madow are home to several plants that exist only in these mountains and nowhere else on Earth. They are called 'endemic' species, which means they are completely unique to this one place. Scientists travel from many countries to study them. Rare birds, rock hyraxes (small furry animals that are surprisingly related to elephants!) and the endangered beira antelope also live here.

Cal Madow is one of the least explored mountain ranges in Africa, which makes it exciting for scientists. New species of plants, insects and lizards are still being discovered there. The mountains remind us that our planet still holds many secrets waiting to be found.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01A species that lives in only one place on Earth is called 'endemic'. Why might it be important to protect such places?
  2. 02Cal Madow is one of the least explored ranges in Africa. How do you think scientists feel when they discover a creature no one has ever seen before?
  3. 03Most people don't know Somalia has misty mountains. Why do you think some facts about countries surprise us?
Try this

Classroom activity

Research one 'endemic' animal or plant from anywhere in the world — something that lives in only one country or one small area. Draw it, label where it lives on a map, and write three sentences about why it is special. Share with the class.