Classroom lesson ยท Kow-Ata Underground Lake ยท ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ฒ Turkmenistan

Kow-Ata Underground Lake

A warm, turquoise lake hidden inside a cave in the mountains

Photo ยท Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Kow-Ata โ€” which means 'Father of Caves' in Turkmen โ€” is an underground lake hidden inside a huge cavern in the Kopetdag mountains. The water is warm all year round because it is heated naturally by the earth below, and it glows a beautiful turquoise colour in the torchlight. People have been visiting it for centuries.

Tell me more

To reach the lake, visitors walk down a long staircase into the mountain. As you go deeper, the air becomes warm and humid, like stepping into a greenhouse. The cave opens up into an enormous chamber about 60 metres high โ€” tall enough for a 20-storey building โ€” with the lake stretching out below.

The water stays at around 33โ€“37 degrees Celsius all year, even when snow is falling outside in the mountains. This is because heat from deep inside the Earth warms it constantly. The lake is about 70 metres long and contains minerals that give it a slightly salty taste.

Thousands of bats roost in the upper part of the cave. They hang upside down in clusters from the rock ceiling and fly out at dusk to hunt insects. Their squeaking fills the cave with a soft, echoing sound that visitors find surprisingly peaceful.

The cave has been a special place for local people for a very long time. The warm water, the dramatic cavern and the feeling of being hidden deep inside a mountain make it feel unlike any other place โ€” a secret world completely tucked away from the desert outside.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01What do you think it would feel like to walk down into a mountain and find a warm lake inside? What senses would you use to take it all in?
  2. 02The water is warmed by heat from inside the Earth. Where else have you learned that the inside of our planet is very hot?
  3. 03Why do you think people named it 'Father of Caves'? What does that name suggest about how special they thought it was?
  4. 04Thousands of bats live in the cave. What jobs do bats do in nature that make them useful neighbours?
Try this

Classroom activity

Draw a cross-section diagram of Kow-Ata from outside the mountain all the way to the underground lake. Label: the mountain, the entrance stairs, the cave chamber, the water, the bats on the ceiling and the heat rising from below. Add a human figure to show the scale.