Classroom lesson ยท Punakha Dzong ยท ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡น Bhutan

Punakha Dzong

A mighty fortress palace where two rivers meet

The white-walled Punakha Dzong fortress surrounded by a river and mountains

Photo ยท Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Punakha Dzong is a huge fortress-palace that sits right at the point where two rivers โ€” the Mo Chhu and the Pho Chhu โ€” join together in the mountains of Bhutan. Its towering white walls, golden rooftops, and sweeping wooden balconies make it look like something from a fairy tale. Every spring, jacaranda trees around it burst into purple blossom, and the flowers reflect in the river below.

Tell me more

In Bhutan, buildings called 'dzongs' are large structures that combine a palace, administrative offices, and a place for cultural events โ€” a bit like if your town hall, the mayor's house, and the village hall were all one giant building. Punakha Dzong is the most spectacular of them all. It is seven storeys tall in places and has thick stone walls that have stood for hundreds of years.

The inside of Punakha Dzong is full of colour. Painted pillars, carved wooden balconies and long galleries decorated with intricate patterns line every corridor. Artists have painted scenes of mythical animals โ€” snow lions, dragons, and peacocks โ€” across the walls in vivid reds, golds, and greens. Bhutanese officials still use parts of the dzong for their work today, so it is both a living building and a spectacular piece of heritage.

Every year the Punakha Tshechu festival takes place here, filling the courtyards with mask dances, silk costumes, and musicians. Families travel for days to attend, dressed in their finest traditional clothes. The sound of cymbals and long trumpets echoes off the white walls and carries across the river. It is one of the biggest celebrations on Bhutan's calendar.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might people choose to build an important building right where two rivers meet? What advantages would that spot have?
  2. 02Punakha Dzong is used for both government work and festivals. Can you think of a building near you that is used for more than one purpose?
  3. 03The jacaranda trees were not planted to grow there by accident โ€” someone chose to put them near the dzong. Why might they have done that?
Try this

Classroom activity

Bhutanese dzongs always have a central tower, thick outer walls, a central courtyard and decorated balconies. Draw your own dzong design from above (a bird's eye view), labelling each part. Then draw one wall from the outside and decorate it with a pattern you invented โ€” dragons, stars, or anything you like.