Classroom lesson · Sofia · 🇧🇬 Bulgaria

Sofia

Bulgaria's capital city, surrounded by mountains

The golden-domed Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia with blue sky behind it

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Sofia is the capital city of Bulgaria and home to more than one million people. It is one of the highest capital cities in Europe, sitting at about 550 metres above sea level, and it is surrounded on three sides by mountains. In winter, you can ski in the mountains in the morning and be back in the city for lunch.

Tell me more

Sofia has been settled for thousands of years and has beautiful buildings from many different eras. Its most famous landmark is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, a huge golden-domed church that can hold up to 5,000 people inside. The domes glow in the sunlight and can be seen from far across the city.

The city has mineral hot springs — water that bubbles up naturally warm from under the ground. People have been bathing in these springs for over 2,000 years. In the centre of Sofia there is still a public mineral water fountain where locals come to fill bottles every day.

Mount Vitosha rises right behind the city and is visible from almost every street. It is a natural park where wolves, deer and wild boars live. On a clear day from Vitosha's peak you can see all the way across the city and to the distant Balkan Mountains beyond.

Sofia has wide tree-lined boulevards, parks full of rose bushes, and many museums and theatres. The National Palace of Culture is one of the biggest event halls in South-Eastern Europe and hosts everything from rock concerts to science fairs.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Sofia is surrounded by mountains on three sides. How do you think living near mountains changes everyday life for the people who live there?
  2. 02Sofia has natural hot springs that people have used for 2,000 years. Why do you think people kept coming back to the same water source for so long?
  3. 03If you could design a capital city from scratch, what three things would you make sure it had?
Try this

Classroom activity

Draw a simple bird's-eye map of Sofia: mark the cathedral, the hot-spring fountain, and Mount Vitosha. Add arrows to show which direction the mountains are. Then write three things a visitor should not miss when they arrive.