Classroom lesson · Fufu & Cassava · 🇨🇫 Central African Republic

Fufu & Cassava

The filling, stretchy staple food that feeds millions across Central Africa

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Fufu is a soft, stretchy dough-like food made from cassava - a starchy root vegetable that looks a bit like a fat, brown carrot on the outside and is bright white on the inside. Fufu is one of the most important foods in the Central African Republic and across much of Central and West Africa. It is eaten by pulling off a small piece, rolling it into a ball and using it to scoop up a stew or sauce.

Tell me more

Cassava is an extraordinary plant. It grows in poor, sandy soils where many other crops struggle, it survives dry seasons, and its big starchy roots can be left in the ground for months and harvested when needed. This makes it one of the most reliable food crops in the world. The roots are peeled, boiled, pounded in a large wooden mortar with a heavy pestle, or grated and fermented to make fufu.

Making fufu by hand is hard work. The cooked cassava is pounded rhythmically in a tall wooden mortar - one person holds the mortar steady while another lifts the heavy pestle and brings it down again and again. The pounding turns the cassava into a smooth, elastic dough. The sound of pounding cassava in the early evening is one of the familiar sounds of life in many Central African towns and villages.

Fufu is eaten by hand and always with a sauce or stew. In the Central African Republic, popular accompaniments include kanda ti nyma (a peanut and meat stew), leafy green sauces, fish stew with tomatoes, and palm nut soup. The fufu is never eaten alone - it is the vehicle for scooping up the rich flavours of the dish alongside it.

Cassava leaves are also edible and very nutritious. They are pounded into a dark green paste and cooked into a sauce called saka-saka or pondu. This means the whole cassava plant can be eaten - the roots become fufu and the leaves become the sauce to go with it.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Cassava grows where other crops struggle. Why is it useful to have crops that can survive difficult conditions?
  2. 02Fufu is made by hand with a wooden mortar and pestle. What foods in your culture are made by hand using special tools?
  3. 03In many families, making fufu is a communal activity — people take turns pounding together. Can you think of a task that is much easier or more fun when you do it as a group?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a 'From ground to plate' diagram for cassava. Draw five steps: 1. Plant grows in soil, 2. Root is harvested, 3. Root is peeled and cooked, 4. Cassava is pounded into fufu, 5. Fufu is served with a stew. Illustrate each step with a small drawing. Now add a second column alongside showing what happens to the cassava leaves.

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