Classroom lesson · Festival · 🇨🇺 Cuba

Carnaval de Santiago

Cuba's biggest street festival - two weeks of music, colour and dance

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Carnaval de Santiago de Cuba is one of the oldest and most spectacular street festivals in all of Latin America. Held every July in Cuba's second-largest city, it fills the streets with two weeks of parades, music, dancing and costumes. Enormous groups of performers called comparsas, each with their own drums, floats and matching costumes, compete to dazzle the crowds with the biggest spectacle.

Tell me more

The Carnaval has roots that stretch back hundreds of years, to the festivals that enslaved African communities were permitted to hold during certain days of the Catholic calendar. They brought with them their drumming traditions, dances and masked celebrations, which mixed over time with Spanish and Caribbean influences to create the extraordinary festival that exists today. Every comparsa (parade group) has a different style, colour scheme and musical rhythm.

The comparsas practice for months before the festival. Each group has their own conga drum section, brass players, singers and dancers in matching elaborate costumes that can take seamstresses an entire year to make. The costumes are constructed from feathers, sequins, bright fabric and mirrors, and they can be so large and ornate that wearing them is a feat of strength as well as artistry.

The festival does not just happen on a stage - it takes over the entire city. Restaurants move their tables outside, neighbours decorate their balconies and thousands of people line the streets to cheer for their favourite comparsa. Children dress up too and join neighbourhood parades. The noise and colour and energy continue late into every night for the full two weeks of the celebration.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The Carnaval costumes take a whole year to make. What does this tell you about how important the festival is to the people who take part?
  2. 02The Carnaval grew from many different traditions mixing together over hundreds of years. What celebrations or festivals in your community bring people from different backgrounds together?
  3. 03Comparsas compete to have the most impressive performance. What makes a competition about art, music and dance different from a competition in sport?
Try this

Classroom activity

Plan a class comparsa. As a group, decide on a theme (an animal, a colour, a natural phenomenon like a rainbow or storm). Design: (1) a simple costume element everyone can wear (a hat, headband or sash), (2) a repeating percussion rhythm everyone can clap or tap, (3) a route for your parade around the school. Perform your class comparsa and invite another class to watch.