Classroom lesson · Music · 🇨🇺 Cuba

Conga Drums

Cuba's most famous drum - the heartbeat of Caribbean music

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Conga drums are tall, barrel-shaped drums that stand on legs and are played with the hands. They were developed in Cuba by African communities who brought drumming traditions with them and adapted them using new materials. Today congas are heard in salsa, son, rumba and many other music styles all over the world. There are usually two or three congas of different sizes in a set, each producing a different pitch and sound.

Tell me more

Conga drums come in three sizes: the quinto (smallest and highest-pitched), the conga or segundo (medium), and the tumba or tumba grande (largest and lowest-pitched). A skilled drummer plays all three, moving between them fluidly and creating layers of rhythm that interlock with each other. Each drum can also produce different sounds depending on how and where the drummer strikes the skin.

The technique for playing congas is quite sophisticated. Drummers use their open palms, fingertips and the heel of the hand to make different sounds - a sharp slap, a deep open tone, or a muffled bass thud. Learning conga technique takes years of practice, but even beginners can feel the joy of laying down a basic rhythm and feeling it pulse through their hands.

The sound of conga drums in a full Cuban band is instantly recognisable. They provide the rhythmic foundation that drives dancers forward and holds the music together. In the Carnaval parade in Santiago de Cuba, huge groups of drummers called comparsas march through the streets with congas and other percussion instruments, creating a sound so powerful it can be heard kilometres away.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Conga drums were brought to Cuba through the movement of people from Africa. How do musical instruments and traditions travel around the world?
  2. 02Different sized drums make different pitched sounds. Can you think of other instruments where size affects the pitch or tone?
  3. 03Playing congas in a group requires all the drummers to listen carefully to each other. How is this similar to other kinds of teamwork you experience at school?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a conga drum set from classroom materials (upturned buckets or plastic tubs of different sizes). Try to find three different sizes. Experiment with striking each one in different places and with different parts of your hand. Can you create a repeating rhythm pattern as a class, with different people playing different tubs? Record it and listen back.