Classroom lesson ยท Wildlife ยท ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฟ Eswatini

African Elephant

The world's largest land animal, with the best memory around

An African elephant with large ears walks through green bush

Photo ยท Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The African elephant is the biggest animal living on land today. A full-grown male can be taller than a double-decker bus and weigh as much as seven family cars. Elephants are incredibly intelligent โ€” they recognise each other's voices, feel happy and sad, and remember places and family members for many years.

Tell me more

Elephants' ears are shaped like the continent of Africa โ€” large, wide and fan-shaped. Those big ears are not just for show: elephants flap them to cool down, because blood flowing through the thin skin of the ears loses heat into the air, acting like a natural radiator.

An elephant uses its trunk for almost everything โ€” drinking, greeting friends, sniffing for food, spraying water over itself, and even hugging other elephants. The trunk has about 40,000 muscles in it (humans have just over 600 in our entire body!) and is strong enough to lift a heavy log but gentle enough to pick up a single feather.

Elephants are vital for the landscape around them. As they travel, they push down trees, opening up grassland for smaller animals. They dig in dry riverbeds to find water, creating water holes that other animals can drink from too. Scientists call them a 'keystone species' because so many other creatures depend on them.

In Eswatini, elephants live in Hlane Royal National Park, where rangers monitor their movements and health. Elephants need a lot of space and food, so protecting large wild areas is essential for keeping healthy elephant families.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How does an elephant's trunk help it survive? Can you name five things it uses its trunk for?
  2. 02Why might elephants be described as a 'keystone species'? What might happen to other animals if elephants disappeared?
  3. 03Why do you think elephants need very large protected areas to live healthily?
  4. 04Elephants live in family groups led by an older female. How is this similar to or different from human families?
Try this

Classroom activity

Try an 'elephant trunk challenge': put a sock on your arm to act as your trunk. Without using your fingers, try to pick up a small object, pour water into a cup, and pat a classmate gently on the back. Discuss how difficult this is and what it tells you about how amazing a real elephant trunk is.