Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇪🇹 Ethiopia

The mountain nyala

A graceful antelope with spiral horns - only found in the Ethiopian highlands

A male mountain nyala with long spiral horns in highland forest

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The mountain nyala is a large, graceful antelope that lives only in the highland forests of Ethiopia. The males have a soft chocolate-brown coat, a small white V on their face, and long horns that twist into a perfect spiral above their head.

Tell me more

Mountain nyala live high up - between 3,000 and 4,000 metres - where the forests are cool and misty even in the middle of the day. They eat leaves, herbs, and the green shoots of mountain plants. Females and their young move together in small groups; the older males spend much of the year on their own.

Their horns are remarkable. They start small when a male is young and grow longer and more spiralled each year. A fully grown male's horns can be over a metre long. The shape is like a twisting screw - graceful, sturdy, and unique to each animal.

Mountain nyala were only properly described by scientists about a hundred years ago. For a long time, almost no one outside Ethiopia knew they existed. Today, the largest group lives in Bale Mountains National Park, where rangers work hard to keep them safe.

They are gentle animals. If they spot you, they will usually freeze in place, watching with big dark eyes, and only then quietly slip back into the trees. Visitors who walk softly in the mist of the Bale Mountains often get to see a mother and her calf walking together through the undergrowth.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might an animal that lives only in one place need extra care and protection?
  2. 02Many antelope horns are different shapes - twisted, curved, straight. Why might horns evolve to look so different?
  3. 03If you wanted to spot a shy animal, what would you have to do to give yourself the best chance?
Try this

Classroom activity

In pairs, design your own spiral-horned antelope. Choose what its horns look like, what colour it is, where it lives. Then swap drawings with another pair and try to spot what is different. What features make each one suited to its home?