Classroom lesson · Music · 🇪🇹 Ethiopia

The masenqo - Ethiopia's one-string fiddle

An instrument with just one string that can make a whole orchestra of sound

A traditional Ethiopian masenqo - a one-stringed bowed instrument with a diamond-shaped sound box

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The masenqo is a traditional Ethiopian musical instrument with just one string. The player holds it on their lap, draws a small bow across the string, and slides their fingers up and down to find the notes. It might be the simplest-looking instrument in the world - but in the right hands it can sound astonishing.

Tell me more

A masenqo has a wooden frame shaped like a diamond, covered with stretched skin to make a sound box. A long wooden neck reaches up from the box, with one single string of horsehair stretched along it. The bow is just a curved wooden stick with more horsehair tied across it.

Even with one string, the player can sound joyful, sad, funny, or telling a whole story without saying a word. They press the string lightly at different points with their fingers, the way you do on a guitar - and they slide between notes for that distinctive, voice-like Ethiopian sound.

Masenqo players are called azmari. For hundreds of years, azmaris have been wandering musicians and storytellers in Ethiopia, going from town to town singing songs about the news, telling jokes, and inviting whole rooms to dance. A good azmari can make up a song on the spot about whoever has walked into the room.

You can still go to special little restaurants in Ethiopia - called azmari bets - where azmaris play, the audience claps and shouts along, and sometimes the singer makes up a verse about you sitting at your table. It is half concert, half stand-up comedy, all music.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How could a single string make so many different sounds and feelings?
  2. 02An azmari can make up a song about you the moment you walk in. What would make that fun? What might make it tricky?
  3. 03What instruments from your own home or culture can tell a story without using words?
Try this

Classroom activity

Each pair gets a rubber band stretched between their hands. Pluck it tight, loose, short, long. Notice how the sound changes when the band is at different tensions and lengths. Now you have an idea of how one string can play different notes. Try to invent your own short tune.