Classroom lesson · Copán Mayan Ruins · 🇭🇳 Honduras

Copán Mayan Ruins

An ancient city built by the Maya, famous for its carved stone sculptures

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Copán is a magnificent ancient city built by the Maya people over 1,500 years ago in western Honduras. It is famous for its tall carved stone pillars called stelae, its giant stone staircase covered in writing, and its incredible sculptures of gods, kings, and animals. Today you can walk through the ruins and feel like an explorer discovering a lost world.

Tell me more

The Maya were brilliant builders and thinkers who lived in Central America thousands of years ago. At Copán, they built plazas, temples, ball courts, and palaces - all from stone, without any metal tools or wheeled vehicles. That makes the craftsmanship even more astonishing.

The Hieroglyphic Stairway is one of the most jaw-dropping things at Copán. It is a wide stone staircase with more than 2,000 carved symbols, called glyphs, running all the way up. This is the longest Maya hieroglyphic inscription ever found - like reading a whole book carved in stone steps.

Around the main plaza stand tall stelae - stone pillars carved with the faces and stories of Copán's rulers. Each one took skilled artists a very long time to make, working with only stone and obsidian tools. Some stelae are taller than two grown adults standing on each other's shoulders.

Inside the ruins there is a whole secret world underground - tunnels that archaeologists dug to find even older temples buried beneath the ones you can see. Some tunnels are open for visitors and lead to brightly painted walls hidden for centuries.

Scarlet macaws (Honduras's national bird!) were sacred to the Maya. Scientists found evidence that macaws were raised right here at Copán. Today you can sometimes spot their bright-red flash in the surrounding forest.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The Maya carved stories into stone steps so they would last forever. If you carved your school's story on a staircase, what would you put on the first step?
  2. 02How did the Maya build such enormous structures without any metal tools? What does that tell us about how clever and patient they were?
  3. 03Why might it be important to protect and study ancient ruins like Copán?
Try this

Classroom activity

Design your own 'hieroglyphic stairway' on paper. Give each step a symbol that represents something important about your life, family, or school. Share your staircase with a partner and see if they can guess what each symbol means.