Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇲🇿 Mozambique

Dugong

The gentle 'sea cow' that grazes on underwater grass

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The dugong is a large, peaceful sea mammal that lives in shallow tropical water and feeds on sea grass, just like a cow grazes on land. Mozambique's Bazaruto Archipelago is one of the most important places in the world for dugongs – the protected waters give them a safe place to feed and raise their young.

Tell me more

Dugongs are closely related to manatees and are sometimes called 'sea cows' because of the way they calmly munch on underwater meadows of sea grass. A hungry dugong can eat up to 40 kilograms of sea grass in a single day. They use their muscular, bristly lips to uproot the grass from the sandy sea floor.

Dugongs breathe air, just like us, so they must swim to the surface regularly. They usually come up every few minutes for a breath. Baby dugongs, called calves, are born in the water and their mothers help them to the surface for their very first breath.

Dugongs have a whale-like tail called a fluke that moves up and down (not side to side like a fish's tail). They also have two paddle-shaped front flippers. They are not fast swimmers – they prefer to drift slowly through shallow, sunny bays where the sea grass grows thickest.

Sea grass meadows are crucial for dugongs, but they are also important for the whole ocean. They store carbon, produce oxygen, and give hundreds of smaller animals a place to live. Protecting dugongs means protecting the sea grass, which in turn helps the whole reef ecosystem.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Dugongs are mammals, not fish. What other mammals live in the sea?
  2. 02Why might sailors have thought dugongs were mermaids when they saw them from a ship?
  3. 03Sea grass meadows help store carbon from the air. Why is that important for our planet?
  4. 04If dugongs disappear, what might happen to the sea grass and to all the animals that depend on it?
Try this

Classroom activity

Draw a 'dugong day' timeline. What does a dugong do from sunrise to sunset? Include feeding, breathing, resting, and caring for a calf. Compare your timeline to your own school day.