Classroom lesson · Indian Ocean Coastline · 🇲🇿 Mozambique

Indian Ocean Coastline

2,500 kilometres of beaches, reefs, and mangrove forests

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Mozambique has one of the longest coastlines in Africa – stretching about 2,500 kilometres along the Indian Ocean. That is almost as long as the distance from London to Athens! Along this coast you will find white sandy beaches, coral reefs, mangrove swamps, and tiny fishing villages where the pace of life is set by the tides.

Tell me more

The Indian Ocean on Mozambique's doorstep is warm, clear, and full of life. Twice a day the tide comes in and goes out, revealing rock pools full of sea creatures. Children in coastal villages grow up knowing exactly which pool has the best crabs, which beach to collect shells on, and when the whale sharks arrive each season.

Mangrove forests line much of the coast. These are special trees with twisting roots that rise above the water, giving fish, crabs, and birds a place to shelter and breed. Mangroves also act like a natural wall, protecting the shore from strong waves and storm surges.

The Mozambique Channel – the stretch of ocean between Mozambique and the island of Madagascar – is one of the world's great marine highways. Humpback whales, whale sharks, manta rays, and dolphins all travel through it on their annual migrations. Every year, whale watching boats set out from fishing villages to watch these giants pass by.

Fishing is one of the most important activities along the coast. Traditional fishermen use handmade nets, small canoes, and wooden dhow boats. The fish they catch – prawns, kingfish, tuna, and rock lobster – feed local families and are also sold across the region. Mozambican prawns are considered some of the finest in the world.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Tides go in and out twice a day. How would that change your daily routine if you lived in a coastal village?
  2. 02Why do you think mangrove forests are called 'nurseries of the sea'?
  3. 03Fishermen here rely on the ocean for their food. What do people in your area rely on for food, and where does it come from?
  4. 04The Mozambique Channel is a 'marine highway'. What kinds of animals use it, and why do they travel so far?
Try this

Classroom activity

Give each group a large piece of blue paper. Together, create an underwater scene for the Mozambique Channel: draw the water surface, then layers underneath – surface animals, mid-water swimmers, and sea-floor creatures. Label each one.