Classroom lesson · Jebel Akhdar · 🇴🇲 Oman

Jebel Akhdar

The Green Mountain rising above the clouds

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Jebel Akhdar means 'Green Mountain' in Arabic, and it is one of the most surprising places in Oman. While most of Oman is dry and sandy, this high plateau sits more than 2,000 metres above sea level, where cool mists bring enough water to grow roses, pomegranates, and peaches on rocky terraces carved into the cliffsides.

Tell me more

The mountain is part of the Hajar range, the biggest mountain chain in Oman. The road up is incredibly steep and winding, and at the top the air is noticeably cooler — sometimes 10 degrees cooler than the coast. In summer, when the coast swelters, Omanis and visitors head up to Jebel Akhdar to feel the breeze.

The terraced gardens on the mountainside are an ancient feat of engineering. Farmers carved flat shelves into the steep rock to create small fields, then built channels called 'aflaj' to carry water along the mountain. The aflaj system is so clever and important that UNESCO listed it as a World Heritage engineering achievement.

The most famous crop on Jebel Akhdar is the Damask rose. Every spring, millions of pink roses bloom on the mountain, and local families harvest the petals to make rose water. Rose water is used in Omani cooking, in perfumes, and is sprinkled on guests at celebrations.

From the village of Al Ayn, you can look out over a canyon that drops away for hundreds of metres — like standing at the edge of a giant bowl. Eagles and mountain goats called Arabian tahr pick their way carefully along the cliffs.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why would it be difficult to grow food on a steep mountainside? How did the farmers solve the problem?
  2. 02Rose water is used in cooking and as a welcome gift in Oman. Are there any smells or flavours in your country that are used as special greetings or gifts?
  3. 03Why might mountain air be cooler than air at sea level?
Try this

Classroom activity

Design your own terraced garden on a hillside. Draw a cross-section of a slope and show how you would carve flat shelves and channel water from one terrace to the next. Label your design and explain one crop you would grow.