Classroom lesson · Obo Natural Park · 🇸🇹 São Tomé and Príncipe

Obo Natural Park

A thick rainforest full of rare plants and animals found nowhere else

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Obo Natural Park is a large protected rainforest that covers a big part of both São Tomé island and Príncipe island. It is bursting with plants, birds and insects that live nowhere else on our planet. Because the islands are far out in the Atlantic Ocean, many creatures here evolved in their own special way.

Tell me more

The word 'Obo' means 'forest' in the local Forro language. The park protects a very old, very wet rainforest where giant ferns, mosses and flowering trees grow so closely together that sunlight only reaches the ground in little flickering patches. Walking through it feels like being inside a green cave.

Because São Tomé and Príncipe were always islands — never connected to the African mainland — animals and plants that arrived here long ago slowly changed over thousands of years to suit island life. Scientists call these unique creatures 'endemic', meaning you will not find them anywhere else in the world.

Obo Natural Park is also one of the best places on Earth to spot the giant sunbird, a large colourful bird that sips nectar from flowers deep in the forest. Rare orchids, giant tree ferns and enormous snails also call the park home.

Rangers look after the park and make sure the forest stays healthy. Local school groups visit to learn about the plants and animals, and some of the rangers grew up in villages right next to the park's edge.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01What does it mean for an animal to be 'endemic'? Can you think of any animals that are unique to one place you know about?
  2. 02Why might an island be a special place for animals to change and develop differently from animals on the mainland?
  3. 03If you were a ranger looking after a rainforest, what would be the most important rule you would make?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create an 'Island Creature' — draw an imaginary animal that has been living on a small island for thousands of years. Think about what special features it might develop (short wings, big eyes for dark forests, long beak for island flowers). Share it with the class and explain your choices.