Classroom lesson · Príncipe Biosphere Reserve · 🇸🇹 São Tomé and Príncipe

Príncipe Biosphere Reserve

A UNESCO-protected island of extraordinary nature

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The whole island of Príncipe has been recognised by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve — one of only a handful of entire islands in the world to receive this honour. It means the island's forests, beaches, coral reefs and the communities that live there are all looked after together as something very special and worth protecting.

Tell me more

Príncipe is a small island — only about 142 square kilometres — but it is packed with life. Ancient rainforest covers most of the interior, rare birds sing in the canopy, and sea turtles come ashore on quiet beaches. UNESCO gave it Biosphere Reserve status because so much of nature here is still intact and healthy.

A Biosphere Reserve is not just a wildlife park. People live and work inside it too, growing food, fishing and running small businesses. The idea is that people and nature look after each other. Farmers on Príncipe grow cacao, pepper and other crops in ways that keep the soil and forest healthy at the same time.

The waters around Príncipe are just as rich as the land. Coral reefs shelter fish, dolphins swim close to the shore, and the island has some of the clearest ocean water in the Atlantic. Snorkellers can see colourful fish without even going very deep.

Children on Príncipe grow up learning about the island's nature from a young age. Local schools run programmes where pupils help count birds, record what plants are growing and report what they see on the beaches — making them junior scientists for their own island.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01What do you think it means to look after people AND nature at the same time? Is that easy or difficult?
  2. 02If your whole neighbourhood was declared a special protected area, what rules might that mean? Would you like it?
  3. 03Why is it important that children on Príncipe learn to be scientists for their own island?
  4. 04What would you want to protect most if you lived on a small island — the forest, the beach, the sea, or something else?
Try this

Classroom activity

On a blank map of a small island (draw a simple oval), mark where you would put: a forest, a beach, a village, farms and a coral reef. Draw dotted lines showing how each area helps the others — for example, the forest gives clean water to the village, and the reef protects the beach. Share your map and explain your choices.