Classroom lesson · Meroë Pyramids · 🇸🇩 Sudan

Meroë Pyramids

Sudan has more ancient pyramids than Egypt!

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Sudan is home to more than 200 ancient pyramids — more than the whole of Egypt! They were built by the Kushite kingdom in a place called Meroë, in the middle of the Nubian Desert. These pyramids are steeper and narrower than Egyptian ones, and many are still standing after 3,000 years.

Tell me more

The pyramids at Meroë were built by rulers of the ancient Kingdom of Kush, one of the most powerful kingdoms in Africa. The Kushites loved pyramid-building so much that they carried on doing it for hundreds of years, long after Egypt stopped. Today there are around 200 to 255 pyramids in Sudan, compared with about 138 in Egypt.

Meroë pyramids look different from the ones you might picture. They are much steeper — their sides shoot almost straight up — and they are narrower at the base. Many have a small chapel built onto the front, decorated with carvings of gods and queens. The queens of Kush were called Kandakes, and some of the biggest pyramids belong to them.

The pyramids sit at the edge of the Nubian Desert, so the sand dunes blow right up to their bases. When the wind moves the sand, the landscape changes shape around the pyramids, almost like a slow-moving ocean. At sunrise and sunset the stones glow gold and orange — photographers travel from all over the world to capture that light.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Sudan has more pyramids than Egypt — did that surprise you? What did you already think you knew about pyramids?
  2. 02The Kandakes were powerful queens who had giant pyramids built for them. What does that tell us about how women were treated in ancient Kush?
  3. 03If you were going to build a monument that would last 3,000 years, what shape would you choose and what would it be made of?
  4. 04Why do you think the pyramids glow orange at sunset? What is happening to the light?
Try this

Classroom activity

Give each child a piece of squared paper. Draw an Egyptian pyramid (wide and gentle slope) and a Meroë pyramid (narrow and steep) side by side, keeping the base the same width. Measure the height of each and compare. Which uses more stone for its height? Why might the Kushites have chosen the steeper shape?