Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇪🇭 Western Sahara

Addax Antelope

A rare desert antelope with spectacular spiral horns

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The addax is a beautiful antelope with long, twisted spiral horns that can reach a metre in length. It is perfectly adapted to life in sandy desert, able to survive without drinking water at all by getting moisture from the plants it eats. Sadly it is now very rare, which is why wildlife experts work hard to protect the few that remain.

Tell me more

The addax's wide, spreading hooves work like snowshoes on soft sand, stopping it from sinking. Its coat changes with the seasons — sandy brown in summer to reflect heat, and a darker grey-brown in winter to absorb warmth. This seasonal colour change is unusual among antelopes and shows just how finely tuned the addax is to its environment.

Addax live in small herds and wander enormous distances across the open desert following patches of rain and fresh plants. They seem to know when rain has fallen somewhere far away, perhaps by picking up smells carried on the wind, and they walk towards it even before any visible green shoots appear.

The addax's spiral horns are used in displays between males during the breeding season. Both males and females have horns, which also help them dig into the ground to reach moisture. Scientists and wildlife organisations track addax carefully because protecting even a small herd helps keep this remarkable desert animal alive for future generations.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The addax changes colour with the seasons. How does the colour of your clothing change with the seasons, and why?
  2. 02An addax can sense rain far away before it arrives. What senses do animals use to detect things humans cannot?
  3. 03Why is it important to protect a rare animal like the addax, even if it lives in a distant desert?
Try this

Classroom activity

Research three other animals that live in hot deserts (from any desert in the world). Make a 'Desert Survivors' poster showing each animal, where it lives, and its best survival trick. Vote as a class on the most impressive adaptation.