Classroom lesson · Victoria Falls · 🇿🇲 Zambia

Victoria Falls

One of the largest waterfalls on Earth - 'The Smoke That Thunders'

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Victoria Falls is a giant waterfall on the Zambezi River, on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is over 1.7 kilometres wide and drops 108 metres straight down - taller than a 30-storey building. The local Lozi name for it is 'Mosi-oa-Tunya', which means 'The Smoke That Thunders'.

Tell me more

The 'smoke' is really spray. When the Zambezi River pours over the edge of the cliff, the water smashes into the gorge below and turns into a giant cloud of mist. On a windy day, the mist can rise 400 metres into the sky - so high that you can spot it from 50 kilometres away. From far off, it really does look like a column of smoke from a huge fire.

Victoria Falls is one of the 'Seven Natural Wonders of the World'. It is not the tallest waterfall, and not the widest, but it is the largest 'sheet' of falling water anywhere - a single curtain over 1.7 km wide and 108 m tall. UNESCO has named it a World Heritage Site, which means the whole world has agreed to look after it.

On the Zambian side, just at the top of the falls, there is a shallow pool called the Devil's Pool. In the dry season, when the water is lower, very brave guides lead swimmers right up to the edge - where you can sit inside the pool and look straight down the waterfall. There is a natural rock lip that stops you from being washed over.

The river itself is the Zambezi - one of Africa's great rivers. It begins as a small spring in the highlands of north-western Zambia, then flows for 2,500 kilometres through six countries before reaching the Indian Ocean. Victoria Falls is the most dramatic moment of its long journey.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might people in different places give the same waterfall different names?
  2. 02The spray from Victoria Falls is so thick it looks like smoke. What other natural things have you seen that look like something they aren't?
  3. 03Six countries share the Zambezi River. What might it mean for countries to share a river?
Try this

Classroom activity

On A3 paper, draw Victoria Falls from the front. Add the column of mist rising into the sky and label its height (400m). Then mark how tall your school is for comparison. Discuss: how many of your schools would you stack to reach the top of the spray?