Classroom lesson · Festival · 🇬🇹 Guatemala

Burning of the Devil Festival

A bright, noisy tradition that marks the start of the Christmas season

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

On 7 December each year, Guatemalans sweep and clean their homes, then build small bonfires outside to burn a bundle of rubbish and old things — symbolically getting rid of anything bad before the Christmas season starts. In many places people also burn papier-mâché devil figures — bright, elaborate and quite funny-looking creations — along with fireworks. It is a joyful and noisy celebration about fresh starts and new beginnings.

Tell me more

The tradition began as a way of purifying the home before Christmas. The idea is that sweeping every corner and burning the rubbish gets rid of anything negative, making space for something good. Over time it has grown into a community event where neighbours come out into the streets together.

The papier-mâché devil figures made for the festival are often enormous — and many are quite comedic. Artists and families spend weeks creating them in bold colours, with exaggerated features, horns, and fanciful costumes. Far from being scary, they are meant to be fun, and people enjoy looking at the most creative ones before they are set alight.

Fireworks — especially small rockets called cohetes — are a huge part of the celebration. Guatemala loves fireworks, and 7 December is one of the noisiest nights of the year. In Guatemalan towns and cities, the sound of fireworks going off in the evening is a sure sign that the Christmas season has officially started.

The cleaning of the house before the bonfire is taken seriously by many families. Children help sweep, dust, and tidy, and the whole house has to be done before sunset. The idea of starting the Christmas season with a completely clean home — and then celebrating that cleanliness together with neighbours — gives the festival a warm, communal feel.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why do you think people around the world have traditions about cleaning or clearing things away at the start of a new season or year?
  2. 02The devil figures are meant to be funny rather than scary. How does making something comical change how you feel about it?
  3. 03What is a tradition in your home or community that marks the start of an important season?
Try this

Classroom activity

Design your own papier-mâché devil figure on paper — it should be colourful, imaginative, and funny rather than scary. Sketch the shape, choose your colours, and add any special details. Then write a speech bubble coming from your devil figure saying something funny about being swept away.