Classroom lesson · Tikal Mayan Ruins · 🇬🇹 Guatemala

Tikal Mayan Ruins

Ancient stone temples rising above the rainforest

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Tikal is one of the most amazing cities ever built. More than a thousand years ago, the Maya people constructed enormous stone temples here — some taller than a fifteen-storey building — deep inside a thick rainforest in Guatemala. Today, those temples still stand and you can climb to the top to see the jungle stretching in every direction.

Tell me more

The Maya were brilliant builders who did not have metal tools or wheels. They shaped every stone by hand, carrying it into place without any machinery. Temple I, the most famous of all, is 47 metres tall and was completed around 700 CE. Archaeologists call it the Temple of the Great Jaguar.

At Tikal's peak, around 100,000 people lived here — about the same as a medium-sized town today. They had plazas, markets, schools and even astronomical observatories so they could track the stars and planets. The Maya calendar they created was so accurate that it is still studied by scientists.

When the city was no longer lived in, the jungle slowly crept back over it. Trees grew on top of the temples and vines wrapped around the stones. For hundreds of years, Tikal was almost completely hidden. Researchers began uncovering it again in the 1800s, and the work of discovery is still going on.

Today Tikal is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Howler monkeys crash through the trees above the temples, and toucans and parrots fly past the stone steps. Walking through the ruins early in the morning, with mist swirling around the tree-tops, feels like being inside an adventure story.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How do you think the Maya moved such heavy stones without any machines?
  2. 02What would it feel like to suddenly discover a whole city hidden under a forest?
  3. 03The Maya tracked the stars very carefully. Why do you think knowing the position of the stars might be useful?
Try this

Classroom activity

Using building blocks, LEGO, or modelling clay, try to build a stepped pyramid as tall as you can using only your hands — no glue, no tape. Then compare your pyramid to a photo of Tikal and write two sentences about what was hardest about building it.