Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇰🇪 Kenya

African elephants

The biggest land animals on Earth, with memories like maps

A large African bush elephant in the savannah

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

African elephants are the biggest animals that walk on Earth. They can weigh as much as five small cars. About 36,000 of them live wild in Kenya, walking through national parks, forests, and even sometimes across roads.

Tell me more

Elephants live in family groups led by the oldest grandma, called the matriarch. She remembers where to find water in dry years, which routes are safest, and which other families are friends. Her memory is the family's map.

An elephant's trunk is the most amazing tool in nature. It has around 40,000 muscles in it (your whole body has about 600). They use it like a hand to pick up a single blade of grass, like a hose to spray themselves with water, and like a snorkel to swim through deep rivers.

Elephants talk to each other in a sound so low that humans cannot hear it. The rumble travels through the ground for several kilometres, so a family on one side of a national park can call to another family far away. They also greet each other with trumpets and gentle touches of their trunks.

Baby elephants stay close to their mum and aunties for years. The whole family takes turns looking after them — feeding them, splashing them with mud to keep them cool, and standing over them when they sleep. Elephants are famously gentle with their babies.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How might it help an elephant family to be led by the oldest member?
  2. 02If you had a trunk with 40,000 muscles, what is the first thing you would try to do with it?
  3. 03Elephants and humans both live for a long time and remember a lot. What other animals can you think of with very long memories?
Try this

Classroom activity

Find out how heavy an average car is, then look up the weight of an African elephant. As a class, work out: how many of you would need to stand on a giant scale to match one elephant?