Classroom lesson · Music · 🇱🇹 Lithuania

Kanklės

Lithuania's ancient string instrument — the voice of the nation

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The kanklės (say: KAHN-kles) is a traditional Lithuanian string instrument — a long flat wooden board with strings stretched across it that you pluck with your fingers. It is one of the oldest instruments in the Baltic world and is closely related to similar instruments played in Latvia (kokle), Finland (kantele), and Estonia (kannel). Its clear, delicate sound has been described as the voice of the Lithuanian soul.

Tell me more

The kanklės has been played in Lithuania for thousands of years. Ancient versions had only five to twelve strings; modern performance versions can have up to 29 strings and a much wider range of notes. Old kanklės were carved from a single piece of wood — usually maple, birch, or pine — shaped to bring out the best resonance.

Playing the kanklės involves plucking the strings with the fingers of both hands — one hand plays the melody while the other provides a gentle accompaniment. Traditional kanklės music has a flowing, lyrical quality that sounds like running water or wind through pine trees. It is music that feels deeply connected to the Lithuanian landscape.

The kanklės went through periods when it was rarely played and nearly forgotten, but in the late 19th and early 20th centuries a wave of enthusiasm for Lithuanian culture brought it back to life. Today it is taught in music schools across Lithuania and there are kanklės orchestras — whole groups of players performing together.

Festivals dedicated to kanklės music are held around Lithuania, where players of all ages perform. Seeing a group of children playing kanklės together at a folk festival is a sight that makes Lithuanians very proud — it means the music is being passed on to the next generation.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The kanklės is related to similar instruments in neighbouring countries. Why do you think neighbouring peoples often develop similar musical instruments?
  2. 02The kanklės nearly disappeared but was brought back to life. Why might it be important to keep traditional music alive?
  3. 03Music is often described as the 'voice' of a culture. What songs or instruments do you think represent your own culture best?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make a simple string instrument. Stretch several elastic bands of different thicknesses across an open box or tissue box. Pluck them and listen: does thickness change the pitch? Does tightening or loosening them change the sound? Record your observations and compare them with the kanklės.