Classroom lesson · Krak des Chevaliers · 🇸🇾 Syria

Krak des Chevaliers

The world's best-preserved medieval castle

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Krak des Chevaliers is a huge stone castle perched on top of a hill in western Syria. It was built about 900 years ago and is so well preserved that historians often call it the finest example of a medieval castle in the entire world. UNESCO added it to the World Heritage list because of how perfectly it shows what a castle from that era looked like.

Tell me more

The castle sits 650 metres above sea level, which means it could be seen for miles around. Its builders chose the hilltop deliberately - a lookout at the top could spot anyone approaching from far away, and the steep slopes made it very hard for any attacker to reach the walls. The view from the top today sweeps across forests, valleys and distant mountains.

Inside the walls there are two rings of fortification, one inside the other, with a deep moat between them. If you walked through the gates, you would find great halls, a chapel, huge underground storage rooms for grain and oil, a watchtower, and even an aqueduct that carried water right inside the castle walls so the people living there always had water to drink.

The castle could hold a garrison of 2,000 soldiers and store enough food to last five years. That is like your entire school surviving inside one building for five whole years without going to a supermarket. The storerooms are so big they feel like underground streets.

Travellers and architects from across Europe have visited Krak des Chevaliers and used it as a model for how to build strong, beautiful castles. The English writer T.E. Lawrence once called it 'perhaps the best preserved and most wholly admirable castle in the world' after exploring it as a young student.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why was building a castle on top of a hill a clever idea? Can you think of any disadvantages?
  2. 02The castle stored five years' worth of food. What kinds of food do you think they kept, and how would they stop it going off?
  3. 03If you were designing a safe building today with modern materials, what features from Krak des Chevaliers would you keep?
Try this

Classroom activity

Design your own 'super castle' on paper. Give it at least three clever defensive features (walls, towers, moat, aqueduct, food store - or your own ideas). Label each feature and write one sentence explaining why it makes the castle safer.