Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇿🇲 Zambia

Hippopotamus

Africa's heaviest river resident - and a much faster runner than you'd guess

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Hippos are giant river animals that live in herds in the rivers and lakes of Zambia. A grown-up hippo weighs as much as a small car (around 1,500 kg) and is one of the biggest land mammals on the continent. The Luangwa and Zambezi rivers have some of the largest hippo populations on Earth.

Tell me more

Hippos spend most of the day in the water. Their thin pink-grey skin would burn in the African sun, so they sit in rivers and lakes to stay cool. They can hold their breath under water for around five minutes. Babies can even breastfeed underwater - they pop up for a quick gulp of air, then dive back down.

At night, when the sun has set and the air is cool, hippos leave the water. They walk for kilometres along well-worn paths called 'hippo trails' to munch on grass. A single hippo eats about 40 kilograms of grass each night. Then before sunrise they walk back to the river.

Hippos look slow and lazy but they can be surprisingly fast. On land, an angry hippo can run at over 30 km/h - faster than the world's fastest human. Their teeth, especially the canines, can grow over half a metre long. They never stop growing throughout the hippo's life.

A group of hippos is called a 'pod' (like dolphins) or a 'bloat' (because they look so round). The older male is in charge of the pod, but the females and babies do most of the chatting. Hippos talk to each other with a deep booming noise that travels through the water for kilometres.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Hippos spend the day in water and walk on land at night. What is the opposite of your daily routine?
  2. 02What do you imagine when you hear 'pod' or 'bloat' as group names?
  3. 03Hippos look slow but they are fast. Can you think of an animal that looks fast but isn't, or slow but is?
Try this

Classroom activity

Pretend your classroom is a hippo trail - mark a start at one end (the river) and a finish at the other (the grass). Walk along it slowly, like a hippo at night. Then time how long it takes you. Now imagine doing that to find every meal!